OS Syllabus

 

Introduction to Operating Systems

1. Definition, Objectives, and Core Functions of an Operating System – Overview of OS purposes and essential functions
2. System Calls and System Services – Explanation of system calls (e.g., process control, file operations) and system services
3. Structures of Operating Systems – Explanation of any two OS structures (e.g., Monolithic, Microkernel, Layered)

Processes and Scheduling

1. Process Control Block (PCB) – Explanation with a diagram highlighting components like process ID, state, CPU registers
2. SJF (Shortest Job First) CPU Scheduling – Calculation of average turnaround and response times for given process data
3. Process Definition and State Diagram – Detailed explanation of process states (New, Ready, Running, Waiting, Terminated)

Concurrency and Synchronization

1. Critical Section Problem – Explanation with an example (e.g., shared resource access in a multi-threaded environment)
2. Monitor in Synchronization – Explanation of monitors and example of their use in synchronizing access to shared resources
3. Semaphore and Producer-Consumer Problem – Definition of semaphore and example of solving producer-consumer synchronization

Memory Management

1. Contiguous Memory Management Techniques – Explanation of fixed and variable partitioning, and their pros and cons
2. Page Fault and Handling Process – Definition of a page fault and steps involved in handling it
3. Internal vs. External Fragmentation – Explanation of fragmentation types in

Disk and File Management

1. File Allocation Methods – Brief overview of contiguous, linked, and indexed file allocation methods with examples
2. Direct Memory Access (DMA) – Explanation of how DMA improves system efficiency by reducing CPU load
3. FCFS vs. SSTF Disk Scheduling – Comparison of First-Come, First-Served and

Linux Operating System

1. fork() vs. clone() System Calls in Linux – Comparison of system calls for process and thread creation
2. Inter-Process Communication (IPC) in Linux – Explanation of IPC mechanisms like pipes, message queues, and shared memory
3. Design Principles of Linux OS – Overview of Linux's core design principles like modularity, security, and efficiency