Introduction to Operating Systems
- Definition, Objectives, and
Core Functions of an Operating System – Overview of OS purposes and essential
functions
- System Calls and System
Services –
Explanation of system calls (e.g., process control, file operations) and
system services
- Structures of Operating
Systems –
Explanation of any two OS structures (e.g., Monolithic, Microkernel,
Layered)
Processes and Scheduling
- Process Control Block (PCB) – Explanation with a
diagram highlighting components like process ID, state, CPU registers
- SJF (Shortest Job First) CPU
Scheduling –
Calculation of average turnaround and response times for given process
data
- Process Definition and State
Diagram –
Detailed explanation of process states (New, Ready, Running, Waiting,
Terminated)
Concurrency and Synchronization
- Critical Section Problem – Explanation with an
example (e.g., shared resource access in a multi-threaded environment)
- Monitor in Synchronization – Explanation of monitors
and example of their use in synchronizing access to shared resources
- Semaphore and
Producer-Consumer Problem – Definition of semaphore and example of
solving producer-consumer synchronization
Memory Management
- Contiguous Memory Management
Techniques –
Explanation of fixed and variable partitioning, and their pros and cons
- Page Fault and Handling
Process –
Definition of a page fault and steps involved in handling it
- Internal vs. External
Fragmentation –
Explanation of fragmentation types in
Disk and File Management
- File Allocation Methods – Brief overview of
contiguous, linked, and indexed file allocation methods with examples
- Direct Memory Access (DMA) – Explanation of how DMA
improves system efficiency by reducing CPU load
- FCFS vs. SSTF Disk
Scheduling –
Comparison of First-Come, First-Served and
Linux Operating System
- fork() vs. clone() System
Calls in Linux –
Comparison of system calls for process and thread creation
- Inter-Process Communication
(IPC) in Linux –
Explanation of IPC mechanisms like pipes, message queues, and shared
memory
- Design Principles of Linux
OS –
Overview of Linux's core design principles like modularity, security, and
efficiency